RESUME NATIONAL INCOME
To Fulfill the Assignment University
Subjects Macroeconomics
Lecturer :
Irvan Yoga Pardistya, SE., MM., Ak
By :
Lydia Nur Athifah
1610631030167
ACCOUNTING
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS
UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPERBANGSA KARAWANG
September 2016
PREFACE
Alhamdulillah
with permission of Allah SWT I can finish this assignment. Sorry if there is a
mistakes and is not perfect, because perfection belongs only to Allah SWT.
Hopefully
in the next assignment would be better than this and fix the mistakes earlier.
Karawang,
24th
September 2016
Lydia Nur Athifah
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface............................................................................................................................
Table of
Contents...........................................................................................................
References.....................................................................................................................
NATIONAL INCOME
What
is the different between Nasional Income,
Gross Domestic Product, and Gross Nasional Product?
·
Nasional
Income is sum of income factors of production that
use to produced goods and services in a year.
·
Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) is value of goods and
services in a country that produced by factors of production the citizen and
the foreign country.
·
Gross
National Product is the concept has the same
meaning with GDP, but to estimate the types of income that is little different.
In calculating the gross national income of the value of goods and services
were counted in the national income is only the goods and services produced by
factors of production owned by the citizens of the national income is
calculated. In the gross national product does not count production that
realized by the factors of production belongs to inhabitant of other countries.
EXAMPLE
CALCULATION DATA IN UNITED STATES
·
Expenditure
Methode (Method I)
In
table 2.1 shown example calculation of national income with expenditure method
in United States.
Table
2.1
Gross
National Product in United States, 1989
(in
billions of US dollars)
Source.
Sukirno Sadono. 1994, Pengantar Teori
Makroekonomi (second ed). Table 2.1, page. 40
·
Calculation
of Value Added
Table
2.2
Example
to Calculation Value Added
(In
thousand rupiah)
Source.
Sukirno Sadono. 1994, Pengantar Teori
Makroekonomi (second ed). Table 2.2, page. 42
Thereby
the value added created forest woods logger is Rp 50.000,. as a whole the value
added created by the four economic activities are (values in thousand rupiah) :
Forest
woods logger Rp
50
Board
Sawyer Rp 200 – Rp 50 Rp 150
Furniture
maker Rp 600 – Rp 200 Rp
400
Furniture
Store Rp 800 – Rp 600 Rp
200 +
So
the value added realized by the fourth activities is → Rp
800
Consumer
expenditure to buy this furniture are Rp 800.000,- too. means in the
calculation by method of expenditure, the value of national income which given
the activities above is the same as in the method of calculating net products. In
the expenditure method that considered is the value of finished goods
(furniture) that sold furniture shop,
meanwhile in the net products method
that considered is value added that
realized by four economic activities above.
·
Gross
Domestic Product in United States
Table 2.3
Gross Domestic Product
In United States, 1985
(in billion of US
dollars)
Source.
Sukirno Sadono. 1994, Pengantar Teori
Makroekonomi (second ed). Table 2.3, page. 44
Gross domestic
product, that calculated is the amount of value
added is realized by economic activities in various sectors (business field) in
something economy.
·
Income
Method
Calculation
of national income by method of income generally classify income received production factors as follows :
-
Income of employees, that is salaries and wages
-
Income from individual
business (sole proprietorships). Reflects the amount of salaries and wages,
interest, rents and profits which is obtained
-
Net interest that the
entire value of the interest payment that done minus interest on consumption
loans and interest on government loans.
-
Company profits
Table
2.5
National
Income in United States, 1989
(In
million of US dollars)
Source.
Sukirno Sadono. 1994, Pengantar Teori
Makroekonomi (second ed). Table 2.5, page. 48
PERSONAL
INCOME AND DISPOSSABLE INCOME
§ Personal
Income
Personal
income can be defined as all types of income, including income that obtained
without giving something any activity, which is accepted by the population of a
country. That in personal income has included also a transfer payment. The
payments is grantings that done by the government to the various group of
society where the recipient does not need to give a remuneration or effort as
anything in return. government expenditure that can be classified as transfer
payments are the assistance that given to the unemployed, money pensions paid
to government employees who do not work anymore, assistance to the disabled,
assistance to veterans, and various scholarships given by the government.
§ Disposable
Income
If
personal income is reduced by taxes to be paid by the recipient of the income,
the value that the remaining so-called disposable income.
Disposable income is the income that can be used by the recipients of income,
is all households in the economy, to buy goods and services they want.
From Gross Domestic Products
to Disposable Personal Income, the conclusion is :
C + G + I + (X –
M) = Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Increase : Net Factor Income from Abroad
 Decrease : Net Factor Payment from Domestic
=
Gross National Product (GNP)
Decrease :
Depreciation
=
Net National Income (NNP)
Decrease : Indirect taxes
 Increase :
Subsidies
=
National Income (NI)
Decrease : Retained Earnings
Decrease : Social Insurance Payment
Increase : Personal Interest
Income from Government and Consumer
Increase :
Transfer Payment to Persons
=
Personal Income (PI)
 Decrease : Personal Taxes
=
Disposable Personal Income (DPI)
EXAMPLE
CALCULATION PERSONAL
INCOME AND DISPOSSABLE INCOME
Table 2.7
Personal Income And
Dispossable Income in United States, 1989
Source.
Sukirno Sadono. 1994, Pengantar Teori
Makroekonomi (second ed). Table 2.7, page. 52
CALCULATION
OF THE NATIONAL INCOME IN INDONESIA
For
example, in the United States calculation of national income is especially done
using two method, that is expenditure method and income method. Production
method Production method are not so emphasized calculations.
In
developing countries, included Indonesia
contrary the applicable. Production method is the most emphasized. Behalf of
expenditure and income method is secondary.
A.
Calculation
Of Neto Product Method
In
neto product method of national income counted by add up the value-added that
realized by various sectors (bussiness field) in the economy. In Indonesia
calculation such this is done by dividing the activities in the economy become
11 major business field, as shown in Table 2.8.
Table
2.8
Gross
Domestic Product according to Bussiness Field, 1991.
(in
billion rupiah)
Source. Biro Pusat Statistik, Statistik Indonesia, 1992. Table 11.1. page. 576.
Data
given are for 1991 and are calculated according to the price that apply, that
is the prices in 1991 and the fixed price, that is the prices in 1983. According
to the price that apply of Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product precious more
than Rp 227.2 trillion in 1991, and according to fixed price value was Rp 122.7
trillion. It can be concluded that the prices between the years 1983-1991 has
experienced the average large enough, which is about 85 percent and is obtained
from the following calculation: 227.2 / 122.7 x 100 = 185.2 percent.
B.
Calculation
of Expenditure Method
In
Indonesia, if household consumption, investment, government expenditure and net
exports (exports minus imports) totalized, national income earned is called the
Gross Domestic Product. Meanwhile,
in the United States calculation such generates the Gross National Product. Differences arise as a result of the data
collected.
And according to this method there are some types of
aggregate expenditure in the economy :
1.
Household
consumption
2.
Government
consumption
3.
Investment
expenditure
4.
Net export
GDP = C + G + I + (X - M)
C = Private
consumption expenditure
G =
Government Consumption Expenditure
I =
Investment Expenditure
X =
Value of Exports
M = Value of Imports
EXAMPLE :
A country has a national income, as follows :
The answer is :
GDP = C + G +
I + (X - M)
= Rp 40.000.000 + Rp 37.500.000 + Rp 125.000.000 + ( Rp
25.000.000 – Rp 17.500.000 )
= Rp 202.500.000 + Rp 7.500.000
= Rp 210.000.000,00
So, the
Gross Domestic Product is Rp 210.000.000
TWO SECTORS OF ECONOMY
1.
Consumption
Function
Consumption
function showed the relation between income with consumption.
C = a + bY
a
= autonomous consumption
b
= marginal prospensity to consumption
Y
= national income
C
= consumption rate
MPC
showed how much additional who someone consumption or household when they get
additional income.
MPC = Additional consumption
Additional
income
Consumption
Function
2.
Saving
Fuction
Saving
function showed the relation between income with saving
S = -a + (1-b)Y
S
= Saving rate
1-b
= MPS.
MPS
showed how much additional who someone saving or household when they get
additional income.
MPS = Additional saving
Additional
income
MPC
+ MPS = 1
MPC
= 1 – MPS
MPS
= 1 – MPC
Saving
Function
Saving and Investment
I
= Part of national output that is’t
consumption
S
= Part of national income that is’t used consumption needs
Equilibrium of Two Sector
THREE SECTORS OF ECONOMY
In
the three sectors of economy there are the role of government in the
economy.the role of government include income and expenditure.
Total
expenditure of economy include consumption expenditure (C), investment
expenditure (I) and government expenditure (G). government expenditure most of
the financed by taxes. Therefore, tax tax include in the equilibrium of the
three sectors which is the effect on the Y. Tax will decreased Y.
The
fuction of consumption after tax.
C = a + b (Y-T)
Equilibrium
state
Y = C + I + G
Tax
Function
Y = To + tY
Where To is fixed tax and t is tax
rate
Substitusion be :
C = a + bYd
C = a + b (Y-T)
C = a +b (Y-To-tY)
C = a - bTo + b (1-t)Y
To will move the line C, while t will change slope of line C.
And then include in the equalization.
Y = C + I +G
Y = a - bTo + b(1-t)Y +
I + G
1-b (1-t)Y = a-bTo + I
+ G
Y =a - bTo + I +G
1-b (1-t)
Equilibrium
of Three Sectors
Example case of National
Income
1.
GNP
of a country known to Rp 20,800,000,000.00; depreciation of Rp 700,000,000.00;
indirect taxes Rp50,000,000.00; and direct taxes Rp60,000,000.00. The amount of
NNI, is…
Answer : NNI = NNP - IndirectTax
Or
NNI = GNP – Depreciation – Indirect Taxes
NNI = 20.800.000.000 - Rp 700.000.000 - Rp 50.000.000
NNI = 20.050.000.000
2.
In 2014 GNP Indonesia based on
current price Rp. 300 Trillion with depreciation of Rp. 100 Trillion count the
NNP from that case!
Answer
: NNP = GNP – Depreciation
NNP = Rp. 300 Trillion - Rp. 100 Trillion
NNP
= Rp. 200 Trillion
3. Hardi
citizen of Indonesia, working in Indonesia with income Rp2,000,000.00, Paul citizen of foreign
country living and working in Indonesia income Rp3,000,000.00, and then Ali
citizen of Indonesia living and working abroad with income 1,000,000.00. Count the GNP of this case!
Answer : GDP = Hardi's
income + Paul's income
= Rp2,000,000.00 + Rp3,000,000.00
= Rp5,000,000.00.
Netto
Income = Ali's income -
Paul's income
= 1,000,000.00 - Rp3,000,000.00
= –Rp2.000.000,00,
So,
the GNP = GDP
+ Net Income
= Rp5,000,000.00 – Rp2,000,000.00
=
Rp3,000,000.00
References
Sukirno
Sadono. Pengantar Teori Makroekonomi
(second ed). Jakarta : PT. Raja Grafindo Persada,
1994.
Rahardja,
Prathama., and Manurung, Mandala, Teori Ekonomi Makro (5th
ed.). Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Indonesia, 2014.
http://www.e-sbmptn.com/2014/11/contoh-soal-ekonomi-pendapatan-nasional.html
- on Monday, 10th October 2016. At 17.50 PM
http://ekonomikelasx.blogspot.co.id/2012/02/konsep-gnp-pdb-pdrb-gnp-pnb-nnp-pnn-nni.html
- on Monday, 10th October 2016. At 17.46 PM
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